A timeline of Biblical & Christian history Major events in Bible times and world history, A chronology of the Genesis genealogies, Plus important dates affecting the church. Make sure to read the article following this chart to understand how pre-Abraham dating was derived.
Circa	Place and Event	Era
4892 B.C.	Adam & Eve Created (D:Heb/70/Sam)(B:Heb/Sam Genesis 5:3)	Creation/Fall
4762 B.C.	Seth born (D:Heb/70/Sam)(B:Heb/Sam Genesis 5:6)	.
4657 B.C.	Enosh born (D:Heb/70/Sam)(B:Heb/Sam Genesis 5:9)	.
4567 B.C.	Cainan (alt. Kenan) born (D:Heb/70/Sam)(B:Heb/Sam Genesis 5:12)	.
4497 B.C.	Mahalalel born (D:Heb/70/Sam)(B:Heb/Sam Genesis 5:15)	.
4432 B.C.	Jared born (D:Heb/70)(B:Heb/70 Genesis 5:18)	.
4270 B.C.	Enoch born (D:Heb/70/Sam)(B:Heb/Sam Genesis 5:21)	.
4205 B.C.	Methuselah born (D:Heb/70)(B:Heb/70 Genesis 5:25)	.
4018 B.C.	Lamech born (D:Heb)(B:Heb Genesis 5:28)	.
3962 B.C.	Adam dies. (Genesis 5:4)	.
3905 B.C.	Enoch is taken by God. (Genesis 5:22-23)	.
3836 B.C.	Noah born (D:Heb/70)(B:Heb/70/Sam Genesis 5:32)	.
3334 B.C.	Shem born (D:Heb/70/Sam)(B:Heb/70/Sam Genesis 5:10)	.
3236 B.C.	Methuselah dies (Genesis 5:26-27). Worldwide Flood begins (Genesis 7:6, 11).	.
3235 B.C.	Flood Ends. (Genesis 8:13-14)	Post-Flood
3234 B.C.	Arphaxad born (D:Heb/Sam) (B:70/Sam Genesis 11:12)	.
3099 B.C.	Cainan born (D:70)(B:70 Genesis 11:13 Septuagint only) - Luke 3:36 2	Ancient Near East: Early Bronze Age.
3000 B.C.	Sumerian Civilization begins to arise in Mesopotamia (until 2340 B.C.) Egyptian Civilization begins to arise. Archaic Period. First king Narmer (also called Menes)	Writing arises. Era of written history begins.
2969 B.C.	Salah (alt. Shelah) born (D:Heb/Sam)(B:70/Sam Genesis 11:14)	.
2888 B.C.	Noah dies. (Genesis 9:28-29)	.
2839 B.C.	Eber born (D:70/Sam)(B:70/Sam Genesis 11:16)	.
2734 B.C.	Shem dies. (Genesis 11:11)	.
2705 B.C.	Peleg born (D:Heb/Sam)(B:70/Sam Genesis 11:18)	Tower of Babel (Genesis 10:25)
2667-2648 B.C. (alt. 2628-2609 B.C.)	Egypt - Reign of Djoser (Zoser), 3rd Dynasty. First stone pyramid: Step Pyramid at Saqqara.	Egyptian Old Kingdom
2613 B.C.	Egypt - King Sneferu builder of first true pyramid. Dies 2589 B.C.	.
2600 B.C.	Indus Civilization begins to arise in India (until 1800 B.C.) Minoan Civilization begins to arise on Crete (until 1450 B.C.)	.
2575 B.C.	Reu born (D:Heb/Sam)(B:70/Sam). Genesis 11:20	.
2589 B.C.	Egypt - King Khufu (Cheops), Fourth Dynasty. Builder of the Great Pyramid. Dies 2566 B.C.	.
2558 B.C.	Egypt - King Khafre (Chephren), Fourth Dynasty. Builder of the second largest Giza Pyramid. Dies 2532 B.C.	.
2532 B.C.	Egypt - King Menkaure (Mykerinus), Fourth Dynasty. Builder of the smallest Giza Pyramid. Dies 2503 B.C.	.
2443 B.C.	Serug born (D:Heb/Sam)(B:70/Sam). Genesis 11:22	.
2340 B.C.	Akkadian Empire replaces Sumerians in Mesopotamia (until 2100 B.C)	.
2313 B.C.	Nahor born (D:Heb/Sam)(B:Sam). Genesis 11:24	.
2234 B.C.	Terah born (D:Heb/70/Sam)(B:Heb/70/Sam). Genesis 11:26	.

2164 B.C.	Ur of the Chaldeans - Abraham born	.
2160 B.C.	.	Egyptian First Intermediate Period
2120 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Khety (Kheti) III rules Egypt (until 2070 B.C.)*	.
2089 B.C.	Abraham leaves for Promised Land from Haran (Genesis 12:4)	.
.	Abraham & Sarah in Egypt (Goshen, Memphis), return to P.L. (Genesis 12:10-31:1)	.
2078 B.C.	P.L. - Ishmael born to Abraham (Genesis 16:16)	.
2065 B.C.	P.L. - Sodom destroyed by fire (Genesis 17:1 & Chapters 18-19)	.
2064 B.C.	P.L. - Isaac born to Abraham (Genesis 18:14, 21:5)	.
2030 B.C.	.	Egyptian Middle Kingdom
2004 B.C.	P.L. - Jacob & Esau born to Isaac (Genesis 25:26)	.
2000 B.C.	Old Babylonian Empire arises (until 1600 B.C.)	.
1989 B.C.	P.L. - Abraham dies (Genesis 25:7)	.
1950 B.C.	.	Ancient Near East: Middle Bronze Age
1915 B.C.	P.L. - Joseph born to Jacob in his old age (Genesis 37:3)	.
1897 B.C.	P.L. - Joseph sold into slavery in Egypt (37:2-36) Egypt - Senusert II becomes pharaoh of Egypt	.
1884 B.C.	P.L. - Isaac dies (Genesis 35:28-29). Egypt - Joseph enters service of pharaoh (Genesis 41:46)	.
1878 B.C.	Egypt - Senusret III (alt. Sesostris III) pharaoh of Egypt until 1840 B.C.	.
1873 B.C.	Jacob moves family to the Land of Goshen in Egypt (Genesis 47:28)	.
1860 B.C.	Egypt - Amenemhet III becomes co-regent with father Senusret III.	.
1857 B.C.	Egypt - Jacob dies, embalmed, buried in P.L. (Genesis 47:28, 50:1)	.
1840 B.C.	Egypt - Senusret III dies. Amenemhet III alone is pharaoh Nation of Israel enslaved in Egypt (Genesis 15:13, Acts 7:6)	.
1814 B.C.	Egypt - Amenemhet IV is pharaoh	.
1806 B.C.	Egypt - Sobekneferu (alt Neferusobek, Sobeknefru) becomes first known female pharaoh of Egypt. She was wife of Amenemhet IV (also his sister and daughter of Pharaoh Amenemhat III)	.
1805 B.C.	Egypt - Joseph dies 110 yro, embalmed, in coffin (Genesis 50:26)	.
1802 B.C.	Egypt - Sobekneferu dies as last of 12th Dynasty and Middle Kingdom. A new pharaoh arises that doesn't know Joseph (Exodus 1:6-9). Likely the very next dynasty, which had many competing and short lived rulers, or perhaps the later Hyksos.	.
1783 B.C.	Egypt - Period of the Hyksos rulers - capital city at Avaris	Egyptian Second Intermediate Period
1600 B.C.	Hittite Empire arises (until 1193 B.C.) Mycenaean civilization arises in Greece	.
1570 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Ahmose I & wife Nefertiri (alt. Nefertari) - 18th Dynasty begins. He defeats Hyksos by taking Avaris	Egyptian New Kingdom
1550 B.C.	.	Ancient Near East: Late Bronze Age I
1546 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Amenhotep I (alt. Amenophis I), son of Ahmose & Nefertiri. Founded Karnak temple at Luxor.	.
1526 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Thutmose I (alt. Tuthmosis I) & wife Ahmose	.
1522 B.C.	Moses born in Egypt (Deuteronomy 34:7). Rescue most likely by Hatshepsut, daughter of Thutmose I and Ahmose.	.
1514 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Thutmose II (alt. Tuthmosis II)	.
1504 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Thutmose III and Queen Hatshepsut rule Egypt (co-regency, though power rests with her).	.
1482 B.C.	Moses flees to Midian (Acts 7:23) to escape the wrath of Thutmose III (Exodus 2:11-15). Pharaoh Thutmose III rules Egypt alone, subsequently destroying most traces of Hatshepsut.	.
1450 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Amenhotep II (alt. Amenophis II). He was not the oldest son of Thutmose III. Bloodthirsty; liked hand to hand combat, led troops into battle with howls of rage.	.
1442 B.C.	Egypt - Moses returns and confronts Amenhotep II (Exodus 4:18-5:1). Exodus of Israel begins (1 Kings 6:1; Exodus 12:40-41) ***. Scripture does not state that Pharaoh was killed at this time (read about it here)..	.
.	Sinai (Marah, Elim, Rephidim, etc.) - Israel in wilderness 40 years (Exodus 16:35)	.
1424 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Thutmose IV (alt. Tuthmosis IV) reigns, son of Amenhotep II and lesser wife Tiaa. He was not the oldest son. Had dream at the sphinx that he would rule - recorded on stele there.	.
1414 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Amenhotep III (alt. Amenophis III). The clossi of Memnon are all that remains of his temple near Thebes.	.
1402 B.C.	Israel - Moses dies at Mount Nebo at 120 yro (Deuteronomy 34:7). Conquests of Joshua in Promised Land begin.	.
1400 B.C.	.	Ancient Near East: Late Bronze Age II
1378 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Amenhotep IV & queen Nefertiti. Changes his name to Akhenaten. Worships one god, Aten, the disk of the rising son. Bans worship of other gods. Makes new capital city of Akhenaten.	.
1361 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Smenkhkare.	.
1360 B.C.	Egypt - Queen Neferneferuaten is Pharaoh. She may have been the daughter of Akhenaten and/or wife of Smenkhkare.	.
1358 B.C.	Egypt - Boy king, 8 or 9 years old, Pharaoh Tutankhamen (alt. Tutankhamun) rules until 1349 B.C. Changed his name from Tutankhaten and restored worship of other gods especially Amen at Karnak temple.	.
1350 B.C.	Israel - (this date is plus or minus 10 years and cannot be conclusively derived from Scriptures. Consider Numbers 11:28, Joshua 24:9, and Judges 2:8-10)	Period of the Judges in Israel
1301 B.C.	Egypt - Pharaoh Rameses II rules Egypt. This third king of the 19th dynasty is often incorrectly identified as the Pharaoh of the exodus.	.
1235 B.C.	Egypt - Pharoah Merneptah, son of Ramesses II, rules until 1225. His victory stele of 1230 B.C. lists Israel **	.
1200 B.C.	.	Ancient Near East: Iron Age I
1194-1184 B.C.	Trojan War (later legends appears based in the actual destruction of Troy VIIa at this time)	.
1170 B.C.	Assyrian Empire arises (until 612 B.C.)	.
1100 B.C.	Israel - Jephthah is Judge (Judges 11:26)	.
1070 B.C.	.	Egyptian Third Intermediate Period
1041 B.C.	Israel - Saul becomes first king (Acts 13:21), anointed by Samuel the last judge and prophet.	Period of the Monarchy in Israel
.	Israel - David kills Goliath at the Valley of Elah.	.
.	Israel - David hides from Saul at En Gedi.	.
1001 B.C.	Israel - King Saul dies, body hung at Beth Shan. David becomes king	.
1000 B.C.	.	Ancient Near East: Iron Age II
961 B.C.	Israel - Solomon becomes king	.
958 B.C.	Israel - First temple, built by Solomon (1 Kings 6:1; 2 Chronicles 3:2)	.
922 B.C.	Israel (North) - Jeroboam rules north. Begins worship of golden calf at Dan and Bethel.	Divided kingdom in Israel
922 B.C.	Judah (South) - Rehoboam, son of Solomon, rules south.	.
918 B.C.	Pharaoh Shishak (Sheshonq I, 22nd Dynasty) sacks Jerusalem (1 Kings 14:25) and other Israeli fortified cities including Arad and Megiddo.	.
915 B.C.	Judah (S) - Rehoboam dies, Abijah rules only next two years	.
913 B.C.	Judah (S) - Asa is king	.
885 B.C.	Israel (N) - Omri is king.	Neo-Assyrian Empire (911-612 B.C.)
874 B.C.	Israel (N) - Omri dies, Ahab is king	.
873 B.C.	Judah (S) - Asa dies, Jehoshaphat is king	.
.	Israel - Elijah and confrontation with prophets of Baal (1 Kings 18:18-39)	.
853 B.C.	Israel (N) - Ahab dies	.
849 B.C.	Judah (S) - Jehoshaphat dies	.
846 B.C.	Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone) created by Mesha, king of Moab. Celebrating victory over Israel (re 2 Kings 3).	.
793 B.C.	Israel (N) - Jeroboam II is king	.
792 B.C.	Judah (S) - Uzziah is king (10 years or more as co-regent with Amaziah)	.
.	Judah (N) - Jonah receives call to Ninevah. Flees via ship from Joppa. Swallowed by fish. Goes to Ninevah. (2 Kings 14:25)	First Olympic Games 776 B.C.
753 B.C.	Israel (N) - Jeroboam II dies	.
743 B.C.	Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III attacks Damascus and subsequently northern Israel, including Hazor (as late as 732 B.C.)	.
741 B.C.	Judah (S) - Uzziah dies (2 Kings 15:2). Year of Isaiah's vision. (Isaiah 6:1)	.
735 B.C.	Judah (S) - Ahaz becomes co-regent with Jotham, his father.	.
732 B.C.	Judah (S) - Ahaz is king.	.
722 B.C.	Israel (N) - Kingdom falls to Assyria. Exile	.
716 B.C.	Judah (S) - Ahaz dies (2 Kings 16:2). Hezekiah is king.	.
705 B.C.	Judah (S) - Rebels against Assyrian king Sennacherib (2 Kings 18:7)	.
700 B.C.	Judah (S) - Hezekiah builds water tunnel (2 Kings 20:20)	.
687 B.C.	Judah (S) - Hezekiah dies (2 Kings 18:2). Manasseh is king	.
648 B.C.	Persian Empire arises (until 330 B.C.)	.
642 B.C.	Judah (S) - Manasseh dies.	.
640 B.C.	Judah (S) - Josiah is king. (2 Kings 22:1)	.
612 B.C.	New Babylonian Empire arises (until 539 B.C.). Ninevah falls to Babylon.	Neo-Babylonian Empire (626-539 B.C.)
609 B.C.	Judah (S) - Josiah dies fighting Egyptian Pharaoh Neco at Megiddo. (2 Chronicles 34:1)	.
605 B.C.	Judah (S) - Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon takes hostages (See Daniel 1:1, this included Daniel. His dream interpretation revealed kingdoms to come.)	.
597 B.C.	Judah (S) - Jehoiakim deposed by Nebuchadnezzar, Jehoiachin has very brief and wicked reign before suffering the same fate.	.
588 B.C.	Judah (S) - Siege of Jerusalem (Jeremiah is prophet, circa 645-575 B.C.)	.
587/586 B.C.	Judah (S) - Kingdom falls to Babylon. Exile to Babylon (2 Kings 25:8-21)	.
539/538 B.C.	Babylon - Falls to Persia	Persian Empire [Achaemenid Empire] (550-330 BC)
537 B.C.	Persian king Cyrus decrees temple to be rebuilt. (Ezra 6:2-5)	.
534 B.C.	Israel - Work on the temple stops	.
525 B.C.	Persia conquers Egypt.	.
521 B.C.	Darius the Mede rules over Persian Empire	.
520 B.C.	Israel - Work on the temple resumes under King Darius, spurred by Haggai and Zechariah (Ezra 5:1 - 6:14)	.
515 B.C.	Israel - Temple completed and dedicated in 6th year of Darius (Ezra 6:15)	.
486 B.C.	Xerxes rules over Persian Empire from Susa (Esther 1:2)	.
483 B.C.	Xerxes banishes Queen Vashti (Esther 1:2-21)	.
478 B.C.	Esther becomes queen of Persian Empire, wife of Xerxes (Esther 2:16-17)	.
465 B.C.	Artaxerxes I rules over Persian Empire	.
458 B.C.	Israel - Ezra brings more exiles back from Babylon. (Ezra 7:11-26)	.
447-432 B.C.	Greece - Parthenon was built in Athens.	.
446 B.C.	Israel - Nehemiah goes to Jerusalem to rebuild walls. (Nehemiah 2)	.
.	Nabateans control Edomite territory - based in Petra (Selah)	.
420 B.C.	Israel - Last Old Testament Prophet writes... Malachi	.
336 B.C.	Alexander the Great rules - Alexander's Empire (until 323 B.C.)	Greek Empire
333 B.C.	Alexander the Great defeats Darius III (Persian Empire) in Battleof Issus	.
332 B.C.	Egypt - Alexander the Great rules. Also controls region of Israel but allows some self rule.	Ancient Near East: Hellenistic Period
305 B.C.	Egypt - Ptolemy I rules (until 285 B.C.)	Ptolemaic dynasty (Hellenistic) rule Egypt (until 30 B.C.).
283 B.C.	Septuagint Translation of Scriptures from Hebrew to Greek begins	.
167 B.C.	Israel - Seleucid King, Antiochus IV, desecrates the temple and sacrifices a pig. Maccabean revolt begins led by three sons of the priest Mattathias: Judas, Jonathan, and Simon	Seleucid Empire (Hellenistic) successor state of Alexander the Great. (323 to 60 B.C.) Eclipse Ptolemies in power 217 B.C.
166 B.C.	Israel - Hasmonean Period	Hasmonean Dynasty (166-37 B.C.)
165 B.C.	Israel - Temple is rededicated and temple sacrifices restored	.
160 B.C.	Israel - (Hasmonean) Judas Maccabee (alt. Maccabaeus) dies.	.
152 B.C.	Israel - (Hasmonean ruler) Jonathan	.
142 B.C.	Israel - (Hasmonean ruler) Simon Thassis	.
134 B.C.	Israel - (Hasmonean ruler) John Hyracanus	.
104 B.C.	Israel - (Hasmonean ruler) Aristobulus I	.
103 B.C.	Israel - (Hasmonean ruler) Alexander Jannaeus	.
76 B.C.	Israel - (Hasmonean ruler) Alexandra Salome (queen!)	.
67 B.C.	Israel - (Hasmonean ruler) Aristobulus II	.
63 B.C.	Israel - Roman general Pompey conquers Jerusalem. (Hasmonean ruler) Hyrcanus II appeals to Rome, is reinstated as High Priest and Ethnarch. Much power fell to his adviser Antipater the Idumaean.	Roman period begins (Israel is a protectorate of Rome)
51 B.C.	Egypt - Cleopatra rules (until 30 B.C.)	.
47 B.C.	Israel - Herod "the Great", second son of Antipater the Idumaean, is Governor of Galilee (for Rome)	.
44 B.C.	Rome - Julius Caesar was assassinated on the Ides (15) of March	.
40 B.C.	Israel - (Hasmonean ruler) Antigonus. Last real Hasmonean ruler. Seized Jerusalem with Parthian support. Sent his uncle Hyrcanus II to Babylon in chains (after mutilating his ears, rendering him ineligible for office of High Priest).	.
37 B.C.	Israel - Herod "the Great" becomes king of the Jews (client king of Rome). Herod hands over Antigonus to Rome for execution.	Herodian Dynasty (37 B.C.-100 A.D.)
36 B.C.	Israel - (Hasmonean) Aristobulus III is only High Priest. Herod has him drowned at Jericho, fearing his potential threat and lineage to govern.	.
27 B.C.	Rome - Caesar Augustus emperor of Rome	Roman Empire (27 B.C.-476 A.D. Fall of Western Empire)
20 B.C.	Israel - King Herod begins work on rebuilding the temple in Jerusalem	.
5 B.C.	Israel - Birth of Jesus. (Possibly late 6 B.C.)	.
4 B.C.	Israel - Herod "the Great" dies in the Spring.	.
9 A.D.	Jesus goes up to Jerusalem from Nazareth, for the Passover, with his parents (Luke 2:41-51)	.
14 A.D.	Rome - Caesar Augustus dies. Tiberius rules 14-37 A.D.	.
16 A.D.	Israel [Map] - City of Tiberius founded.	.
18 A.D.	Israel [Map] - Joseph Caiaphas becomes high priest (until 36 or early 37 A.D.).	.
26 A.D.	Israel [Map] - Pontius Pilate appointed governor of Judea (until 36 A.D.)	.
28 A.D.	Israel - John the Baptist began his ministry (Luke 3:1-2). Also the year of the first ministry Passover of Jesus in Jerusalem (John 2:13).	.
29 A.D.	Israel - Herod Antipas begins affair with his brother Philip's wife, leading to divorce of his wife (daughter of the Nabatean king Aretas IV), subsequently marries Herodias, his brother's wife and niece.	.
31 A.D.	Israel [Map] - Jesus in Garden of Gethsemane; trials before Caiaphas, Herod, Pilate; Death, Burial, Resurrection during Passover.	.
35 A.D.	Saul of Tarsus (later the Apostle Paul) meets Jesus on the road to Damascus.	.
49 A.D.	Church Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15) - Agreed that a Gentile did not have to become a Jew, or be circumcised, in order to be a Christian.	.
51 A.D.	Greece - Paul preaches on Mars Hill in Athens	.
52 A.D.	Israel - Herod Agrippa II given northeastern Galilee. Given limited say in Jerusalem regarding the temple. Had palace in Jerusalem and subsequently another at Caesarea Philippi (calling it Neronias after Nero).	.
54 A.D.	Rome - Nero becomes emperor	.
58 A.D.	Israel - Paul imprisoned at Caesarea Maritima	.
60 A.D.	Israel - Paul before Festus and Agrippa II, appeals to Caesar (Acts 24:27)	.
62 A.D.	Israel - James, brother of Jesus, martyred in Jerusalem by the High Priest Ananias	.
64 A.D.	Rome - Rome Burns (accidental fire)	.
66 A.D.	Israel - First Jewish revolt begins. Vespasian sent to quell rebellion.	.
67 A.D.	Israel - Christians abandon Jerusalem and flee to Pella of the Decapolis as a refuge.	.
68 A.D.	Rome - Nero dies. After uncertainty Vespasian becomes Emperor (69-79 A.D.)	.
69 A.D.	Rome - Paul beheaded in Rome (traditional sources).	.
70 A.D.	Israel - Temple destroyed by Titus (August 10th or 9th of Av). Jerusalem surrenders after six month siege, much of Jerusalem destroyed. Almost 100 thousand Jews sold into slavery by Romans.	.
73 A.D.	Israel - Masada falls. 967 Jewish Zealots commit mass suicide. Two women, five children only survivors who hid in a cistern.	.
78 A.D.	Rome - Peter martyred (traditional sources)	.
79 A.D.	Rome - Titus becomes Emperor (79-81 A.D.)	.
81 A.D.	Rome - Domitian becomes Emperor (81-96 A.D.)	Major Persecution of Christians (81-96 A.D.)
95 A.D.	Apostle John banished to Patmos. Last living apostle. Writes Revelation, speaks of Armageddon. Dies circa 100 A.D.	.
98 A.D.	Timothy stoned to death at Ephesus (traditional sources)	.
100 A.D.	Israel - Herod Agrippa II dies. Last ruling descendant of Herod the Great	.
108 A.D.	Church leader Polycarp (born 69 A.D.) writes his letter to the Philippians.	.
130 A.D.	Emperor Hadrian (117-138 A.D.) rebuilds Jerusalem and renames it Aelia Capitolina	Roman Empire at largest extent in 117 A.D.
132 A.D.	Israel - Second Jewish revolt/Bar Kokhba Revolt - (132-135 A.D.)	.
155 A.D.	Polycarp burned at the stake in Smyrna	.
312 A.D.	Constantine (the Great, 272-337), emperor of Eastern Empire, kills emperor of Western Empire. Professes conversion to Christianity after seeing a vision.	.
313 A.D.	Constantine issues Edict of Milan granting legal status to Christians and restoring property.	Roman Christian Era
325 A.D.	Eusebius of Caesarea finishes his Church History (lived 275 - 339 A.D.). First Council of Nicea formulates the Nicene Creed. Included churches from the east and west - condemned Arian heresy.	.
336 A.D.	First calendar to show date of Christmas on December 25th in western church (first certain celebration not until 354 A.D.)	.
367 A.D.	Athanasius of Alexandria (lived circa 296-373 A.D.), in his festal letter, listed the books of the New Testament; the 27 books still recognized today. Using an old Jewish grouping method he also lists 22 books of the Old Testament which correspond to our 39 of today. He notes some of the apocryphal books but makes sure to emphasize they are not Scriptures, though important.	.
381 A.D.	First Council of Constantinople - included churches from the east and west. Condemned heresy of Macedonius and reaffirmed doctrine of the trinity.	.
387 A.D.	Augustine of Hippo (354 - 430 A.D), is baptized having converted to Christianity. Becomes leading church theologian. Opposes Pelagius.	.
393 A.D.	Synod of Hippo (modern Annaba, Algeria) - specifically listed their recognized books of Scriptures (matching our 27 books of the NT and all 39 of the OT, plus a few of the so-called OT apocrypha). Numerous synods and councils were held at Hippo.	Last Ancient Olympic Games
395 A.D.	Roman Empire divides again between the east and west. Western (Latin) church based in Rome, eastern church (Orthodox) based in Constantinople	.
397 A.D.	Synod of Carthage (Tunisia; 397 A.D.). Matching the synod of Hippo in 393 A.D., it again specifically listed recognized books of Scriptures. As with the synods of Hippo, some of the synods at Carthage were also called councils; for example that of 418 was called "a council of Africa" by Augustine.	.
405 A.D.	Jerome Eusebius Hieronymus (347-420 A.D.), working at Bethlehem, completes his Vulgate translation of the Bible into Latin.	.
418 A.D.	Pelagius (354-420 A.D.), a British monk, is excommunicated. He denied original sin, claiming men could do good on their own. This Council of Carthage affirmed sixteen previous synods at Carthage, one at Milevis, and one at Hippo. It denounced the Pelagian heresy on original sin, the human nature, and grace; specifically adopting the opposing view espoused by Augustine. Additionally it (and the synods of 419 & 424) protested the Roman church's increasing claims of judicial jurisdiction and supremacy over the African church.	.
431 A.D.	Council of Ephesus - included churches from the east and west. Condemned Nestorianism and reaffirmed that Christ was one person who was fully human and fully God. Also condemned Pelagius and affirmed the Council of Carthage in 418 A.D.	.
440 A.D.	Earliest date for the Athanasian Creed. Written by an anonymous author in Gaul (not St. Athanasius as traditionally claimed).	.
451 A.D.	Council of Chalcedon (in Thessalonica) issues the Chalcedonian Creed - included churches of the east and west. Condemned Monophysitism, the teaching that Christ had only one nature and affirmed that Christ was both God and man.	.
476 A.D.	Western Roman Empire falls to barbarian armies. Roman Catholic church remains as primary authority in the west.	.
494 A.D.	St. Valentine's Day set as February 14th by the Roman Catholic pope Gelasius I.	.
550 A.D.	Byzantine Empire at greatest extent	.
553 A.D.	Second Council of Constantinople - included churches of the east and a few from the west (only 6 bishops). Condemned the teachings of Nestorius again (as did the council in 431 A.D.), reafirmed decisions of earlier councils.	.
610 A.D.	Muhammad (alt. Mohammed, 570-632 A.D.) claims to receive revelations from God (Allah) - basis of Qur'an (alt. Koran). Beginning of Islam which believes the Bible has been corrupted.	.
1054 A.D.	Patriarch of Constantinople and Pope of Rome excommunicate each other. Beginning of Great Schism of Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman Catholic) Churches.	.
1096-1099 A.D.	First Roman Catholic Crusade against Muslim invaders in the east, includes massacre of Jews in Europe and plundering of Jerusalem and burning of Jews in Jerusalem in a synagogue.	.
1187 A.D.	Roman Catholic Crusaders defeated by Saladin (died 1193 A.D.) at the Battle of Hattin, enables Muslims to retake Jerusalem	.
1199 A.D.	Roman Catholic Inquisition started by Pope Innocent III (expanded by Pope Gregory IX in 1233, plus use of torture to get confessions by Pope Innocent IV in 1252).	.
1227 A.D.	Chapter divisons added to Bible, for the first time, by professor Stephen Langton of the University of Paris.	.
1380 A.D.	Early reformer John Wycliffe (1328-1384 A.D.) begins first English translation of the Bible. Roman church declared him a heretic in 1380 and again in 1382. His followers become known as Lollards	.
1415 A.D.	Early reformer Jon Hus (1373-1415) burned at stake by Roman Catholic church for holding to the authority of the Bible over even the Pope.	.
1438 A.D.	Johann Gutenberg (1398-1468) invents the printing press -- creates the first Bible printed with movable type in Germany in 1455 A.D. Paves the way for cheap Bibles for all.	.
1453 A.D.	Byzantine (Eastern) Empire falls. Constantinople conquered by Ottoman Turks.<